Interior and Exterior

Interior Home Improvement

The first step to any home improvement project is planning. If you're a homeowner, you probably already have an idea on an improvement you would like to make in your home. Your idea is the first step in any home interior plan. Once you have an idea in mind, decide on your objective. Exactly what do you want the improvement to do for your home, and how you want it to look. Knowing these objectives ahead of time will help you figure out what kind of work is involved, and the types of materials that are needed. To estimate the cost of your improvement project, make a rough sketch of the area or structure you are improving. Then measure the dimensions of the area and write the dimensions on your sketch. Next, make a list of the materials you will need including quantity and size where applicable. Get a mail order catalog for home hardware and decorator material. You can then look up the prices of items on your list of materials. Catalog prices are generally the same or lower than the material prices at local dealers. A good formula for estimating the labor expense for a project is 60-75 percent of the materials cost. Once you have your idea, objective, sketch, list of materials and the cost estimate, you'll be in good shape to discuss your plan intelligently with contractors and suppliers. Depending on the cost estimate, you may also decide if you need a loan. It is not hard to obtain a home improvement loan from a local lender providing you have good credit. Some contractors also offer financing of home improvement projects.

Home Improvement Ideas

Here are some suggestions for home improvement ideas:

* You can improve your kitchen storage to make unloading and storing groceries easier, or to add counter and storage space around your sink or range.

* Perhaps your bathroom can use new plumbing fixtures, tile or carpeting.

* Unused space in your basement, attic or garage could be turned into a home office, and extra bedroom or a workshop.

* To brighten your home, you may want to add new windows, skylights or light fixtures.

* Or on a larger scale, perhaps you want to make a room bigger, knock out a wall,or add a new wing to your home.

When exploring home improvement ideas, the only limit is your imagination. Once you have an idea, you can then decide on the objective, estimates and finances needed to turn your idea into reality.

Gutters and Down Spouts

Roof gutters need cleaning at least twice a year. Once before the start of winter, and then again right after the spring. If your house is located in a heavily wooded area, more frequent cleaning may be required. Leaves, twigs and pods are the worst culprit when it comes to clogging. When they are allowed to accumulate, and clog gutters and down spouts back water up during heavy rain has no where to go. It will cascade over the gutters washing away topsoil and damaging the plants below. Furthermore, the constant wetting and drying in time will rot the facade board under the gutter. To clean gutters, you need a ladder long enough to reach the highest gutter, clean out as far as possible on either side of the ladder -- about two feet in each direction is average. Be careful to not be tempted to stretch beyond the normal reach to avoid moving the ladder. Move it and avoid a fall. New gutters are available in a variety of material such as steel, copper, aluminum, plastic and wood. Each material has unique property and each is available at a different price. Check with your local supplier or contractor for some advice on which type would be best for your home and to help calculate the amount of materials required to complete the job.

Kitchen and Bath Remodeling

Creating a new kitchen or bathroom can be less formidable than it seemed at first. The trick is to cut the job down. It may call for no more than the removal and replacement of old fixtures. Kitchens and bathrooms require relatively swift transitions to minimize the loss of their important functions. Have everything you need on hand before you begin. Save time and effort by working in an area as uncluttered as possible. Remove furniture, appliances, fixtures, cabinets and carpeting, wherever practical. Place doormats at all entrances and hang sheets in open passageways to keep dust and debris out of the rest of the house. A choice of materials depend partly on economics and partly of aesthetics, but one should also consider durability, comfort and

Exterior Home Remodeling

Most exterior home improvements involve painting. Even though outside paints are more durable than inside paints, they must have clean, solid and dry surfaces to bond to. If your house has shingles, replace all broken or warped ones. Painting over bad shingles may disguise the damage but it will not prevent water from seeping behind the good shingles and may cause further deterioration. Prepare aluminum surfaces by wire brushing off loose paint. For bricks, an ordinary wire brush will take off loose paint. Start on the side that is not in direct sunlight. When the siding is complete, start on the trim. Next, do windows, shutters and doors. After painting the trim, do porch railings, then the stairs and foundation. The final flourish is a coat of tough, urethane varnish on wooden thresholds.

Building Contractors

Choosing a Building Contractor

Thinking of putting an addition on your home or build your next home? The big question is -- who should do the job? To begin with, obtain bids from more than one contractor, but be sure to convey the same job requirements to each one. This makes estimate comparison more accurate. Different contractors may have different approaches in doing the job which will be reflected in their estimate. Check references and ask if the contractor stood behind his work, communicated professionally, completed the work in a timely manner, and solved any outstanding issues before completing the job. When looking at the estimates, remember, money is important, but so is quality. Note the materials to be used, and be sure your contractor is licensed and insured and follows local building codes and obtains necessary permits. Get all estimates in writing and ask for proof of worker's compensation and general liability insurance. Use this information to select the best contractor for the job.

Building Codes

Thinking of building an addition or a workshop? Well, you need to check into the existing building codes before starting. Building codes are those regulations which effect the design and construction of a specific structure. Regulations ensure that the vital parts of a structure are safely built and maintained. For example, the regulations include rules for windows to ensure proper ventilation and fire fighting equipment for protection against fire and ceiling height minimums, and so on. No matter how big or small your project, you must keep these laws and regulations in mind. The laws include zoning ordinances, housing standards, health restrictions, and specific requirements for including sidewalks and streets. It's best to check the building codes before you begin building anything.

At Home While Remodeling

If you are planning to live at home while you are remodeling it, prepare yourself with the following steps so you can avoid unnecessary frustration. To begin with, turn one of your bedrooms into a mini home. Include enough furniture to sleep, sit and talk, and watch television. Keep one bathroom and kitchen operating, and if you will be remodeling them also, save them for last. Store excess furniture out of the way in a garage or basement. Cover valuables carefully, with a sheet or plastic tarp. Keep a good vacuum around to clean up dust and debris on a regular basis. Your clothing should be kept in a tightly closed closet. You may consider turning your bathroom into a mini kitchen with a coffee maker, hot plate, and needed appliances. A portable refrigerator can be kept in the temporary living room. If all else fails, check into a hotel.

Foundations

Foundation Repairs

If you think there's a problem with your foundation, call a professional foundation contractor. They will be able to assess any damage and determine the best plan for your situation. There are a variety of ways to make foundation repairs, therefore, different companies may propose different plans. For example, foundation walls can be strengthened by steel piping, concrete peers, or other materials placed in the ground to add support. Another example of foundation repairs is wall anchoring. This is done by using a steel anchor or burying a steel plate, concrete, or other material in the ground then supports are run to the foundation to support the basement walls. A plate will fasten a support rod to the basement wall. Repairs to your foundation can be done from the inside or the outside. Beams are installed to level the house if it is not level. Cracks in the foundation should be filled with epoxy to stop water seepage and cement the foundation together. A professional foundation repair contractor may suggest using one of these methods depending on your situation.

Obtaining Foundation Estimates

If you are building or repairing a foundation, consult a professional foundation contractor for an on-sight inspection and estimate. A professional contractor should not give an estimate until they see the problem and surrounding ground conditions. Many of the contractors you consider will suggest the same type of procedure while others may offer different alternatives and costs. If all the suggestions you receive are different, you should probably get some additional estimates. That way you can feel more comfortable with your decision. Be sure to give the same information to all the contractors so their estimates can be evaluated equally. Compare costs on the estimates and be sure to get quality materials and workmanship. Don't choose a contractor solely on price, because you get what you pay for. For further information, contact a foundation contractor.

Selecting a Foundation Contractor

Need a foundation contractor? Be advised that some contractors will only handle new construction while others only do repair and some will do both. Try and find someone who focuses on the area that fits your situation. Ask what methods the contractor will use to correct your problem. Avoid making a decision based on cost. Careful consideration should be given to each of the solutions proposed. Find a contractor with a solid reputation and ask if they are members of a trade organization. These organizations impose standards which contractors agree to follow. Always verify the contractor has insurance to avoid future problems. Finally, ask for references and check in to them carefully. For further information on this subject contact a foundation contractor.

Foundation Terminology

When talking about foundations and repairs, there may be some unfamiliar wording associated with this type of work. To begin with, a footing is a ribbon of concrete under the walls of the foundation. A footing is usually twice or three times the width of the wall and is the primary support of the foundation. Under-penning supports the foundation from underneath the footing which will either raise the foundation or keep it stationary in its present position. A common phrase in foundation work is "load bearing surface" or "strata". This is the capacity of the material or ground on a horizontal plain which supports the weight of a building. When support beams under a house have started to sag, it is called "house setting". Finally, mud jacking is the term used when you want to raise a patio or a driveway slab. Dirt and cement are pumped under the patio or driveway to float the slab up to the desired level.

Waterproofing

Finding a Leak

If there's a leak in your basement, a waterproofing contractor can find and repair it for you. Stained walls or floors in an unfinished basement usually point to the leak. Finished basements will have dampness in the carpet and will give traces of a leak, but the rug must be pulled back to see the nail strips on the floor. The nail strips with the most damage will lead to where the leak is coming from. Sheetrock will need to be removed to get directly at the leak. When there is extensive water leakage, the walls in a finished basement will have water stains. Sometimes the sheetrock will separate from the cement walls and the cement will crumble. In a situation like this, you will definitely need a professional. For more information contact a waterproofing contractor.

Obtaining Estimates for Waterproofing

Solutions to water problems can vary widely in options and cost. Limit the number of estimates you get to avoid confusion. Plan to work with the most reputable companies in your area. Most estimates will be free of charge if they are local. A trip fee can be charged for those out of town contractors. A fee may also be charged if the estimate is for a property in a real estate transaction. The fee may be refundable if the company is hired to do the job. For more information on getting an estimate, contact a waterproofing contractor.

Types of Waterproofing

Water proofing can be done in a variety of ways. The best way to go about it is to have a professional advise you. The best solution will be determined by the extent of your water leak and damage. The range of waterproofing methods used vary from point specific epoxy injection to full scale excavation. Cracks seen on the inside of your home can be filled with the epoxy injection to fill the walls and stop the leak. This method is cost efficient and a noted method in waterproofing. Bare basement walls are easier to repair over finished basements, where sheetrock needs to be removed. For serious water problems, excavation from the outside may be the only choice for repair. This is indicated by many large water stains on the walls or by crumbling cement. Call a professional for water problems before they get out of control.

Selecting a Contractor for Waterproofing

If you are looking for a waterproofing contractor, consider how long they have been in business. Make sure they are properly licensed and insured. Get a list of references and check them out. Find out about any guarantees or warranties associated with the job. There is usually more than one way to repair a problem. If someone tells you their way is the only way, look for someone else just to be sure.

Ceramic Tiles

Obtaining Estimates

If you're planning a remodeling job, it's important to carefully examine contractor options as well as their estimates. After choosing a contractor, work closely with them to determine the plans of your project as well as the cost of the ceramic tile. A professional contractor will determine what you want and give you an approximate cost for the project. Ask your contractor if this is just an estimate or an itemized bid. An itemized bid will list all necessary materials, labor, permits, and taxes. For more information contact a local tile contractor.

Selecting Tile Materials

In order to make the best choice in ceramic tile materials, your contractor will need to know the following. First of all, where will the tile be used? On walls, floors, or counter tops? Inside or outside? Will the tile be exposed to wetness or freezing conditions? A tile professional normally draws a sketch which details the area to be tiled, including its dimensions and any special features. Certain tiles should be used in specific situations. You may like the way a tile looks, but it may not be heavy enough for hallway use or it may absorb water which would not be good for a kitchen. Your tile contractor can direct you to the appropriate tile for your situation. Ask about the grade of your tile selection. Seventy-five percent of all tile in this country is of standard grade, which is high quality. In regard to color, remember dark colors make a room appear small, while lighter colors open up a room. Cost is also an important factor. Your tile professional can give you a cost per square foot which includes materials, labor, and design.

Types and Styles

Tiles have a sturdy reputation for function and efficiency. Tiles are water resistive, heat reflective, and ornamental. A tile professional can help you choose the best tile for your situation. Here is some tile language which will be helpful to you. Glazed wall tile is white gypsum or terracotta colored tile with a colored glaze used on walls. Pabba tiles are made from clay, shale, or porcelain, and are one-half inch thick and usually used on floors. Pabba tiles absorb water and are not used for wet interior areas, outside areas, or areas that will freeze. Quarry tiles appear to be made from stone, but are actually made from clay. These tiles are usually used for floors, countertops, or walls because of their thickness. They can also be used indoor/outdoor. Mosaic tiles are two inches square or smaller, unglazed, and colored with a pigment. Mosaic tiles can be used on floors, countertops, and walls. For further information on ceramic tiles see your local tile specialist.

Choosing a Contractor

Selecting a ceramic tile contractor is very important to the outcome of your job. As with any contractor, get more than one estimate on your job. Ask for a list of references from each contractor. Contact some of the references and ask about the work performed. Be sure your contractor is fully insured. When meeting with a contractor, be sure you both completely understand what is needed. That way the contractor can give you an accurate estimate for the work to be done. The contractor should be very specific when bidding on your job. Bids should reflect the cost of materials, labor, taxes, and permits. Also, it's good to know how long the job will take.

Siding

Selecting Siding

Selecting siding for your house is like choosing furniture. Siding must be durable, attractive and affordable. When you look at those three things, making a choice can be somewhat difficult. There are a number of things you need to consider. What are your tastes? What is the style of your house, and what are the styles within your neighborhood? What types of siding is available and what is the quality and cost? Are you intending to do it yourself or have it professionally done. Doing it yourself can save you up to 50%, but remember, it will be quite a challenge! You also need to consider the maintenance involved in the siding you choose. Materials such as aluminum or vinyl are considered low maintenance. No matter what route you decide to go, new siding is a definite plus for improving the look of your home, and increasing its value.

Siding Types - Wood

Wood siding comes in large panels, shingles, or horizontal or vertical boards. Wood is widely used for residential siding and offers a wide range of choices. Since wood is a porous organic material, it absorbs and gives off moisture which causes deterioration over time if the wood is not properly maintained. Most wood panels are made of plywood or hardboard, which is a made up of heat-processed wood pulp which is pressed into sheets. Plywood siding come in both smooth and rough finishes. Hardwood comes in wider styles and can range from stucco to embossed. Boards or solid-wood siding comes in both horizontal and vertical and in many variations. Some types to consider include vertical board-and-batten; bevel or bungalow; drop tongue and groove; or sliplap. Shingle siding is another choice. This gives you the rustic look. Shingles are higher in cost however, you may be able to install them yourself; it doesn't need paint and it will last for years.

Siding Types - Stucco and Aluminum

Stucco is an extremely durable siding. It's made up of concrete and is applied in three coats. The desired color pigment is mixed into the finished coat so painting is not necessary. Drawbacks however include the fact that it's difficult to apply, requires careful application and cracks may occur if it's not applied correctly. Aluminum siding comes in two basic types. One gives the appearance of wide or narrow boarding and offers a range of colors which have been applied at the factory. Since is has a greater range of styles, colors and textures, it can be easily adapted to most any architectural styles. The main advantages of aluminum siding include its longevity and low maintenance. It doesn't change much over time and it is finished with coatings that are formulated for toughness and long-term durability.

Siding Types - Vinyl and Steel

Vinyl is very similar to aluminum and has a very similar appearance once applied. Vinyl is plastic which makes this type of siding flexible and easier to work with. However, there is still the same amount of precision cutting and fitting involved. One nice thing is that vinyl will not dent. Scratches don't make too much difference since the material is the same color throughout the slat. On drawback is that vinyl expands and contracts more that the other materials. This must be taken into account for installation. Extreme cold makes it stiff but will not shatter. It will however, crack from a hard impact. Replacing vinyl panels however is not too difficult. Steel siding is popular in areas that experience regular and major hail storms. Steel siding requires professional installation. It comes in various styles and colors and is extremely durable.

Hiring a Siding Contractor

When looking to hire a siding contractor, be sure to carefully check them out. Ask your friends, neighbors and associates for recommendations. You can check them out with your local Better Business Bureau. Contact the contractors personally and ask them for references that you can call for information. Take into consideration they contractor's experience and reputation as well as the quality of the products they provide. Also find out warranty information and the TOTAL price of the installation which should include labor and materials. After choosing several contractors, have them bid on your job. Be sure the company you choose is licensed, bonded and employ people who are insured. Before you accept a bid, there are a few things you'll need to have in a WRITTEN contract. These include: The specific materials to be used for the job, a written FIXED price for the entire job, dates when the job will be completed and the manufacture's warranty for the product you use. If required, you'll need a building contract. Get a guarantee of the contractor's work. The contract should ask for no more that 25% of the fee in advance with a schedule for the remaining balance. Carefully read the contract before you sign it.

Drywalling

Obtaining Drywall Estimates

Before starting a drywall project, obtain a few estimates from drywall contractors. Drywall installation prices by the square foot. Before calling a contractor, measure your area to get an idea of how much drywall you want. The first kind has a standard paper wrapper for use in general construction. The second type is water resistive for using in bathrooms or high humidity. The third is fire resistive. This type is thicker and heavier and its rating will be shown on the edges. Drywall which is water or fire resistive, is more expensive than the standard. It is very important that your contractor come out and view the sire so he can see any difficulties there are before giving an estimate. This will avoid unnecessary problems once the project is underway. Get several estimates and check references, especially for larger projects.

Drywall Repairs

Drywall, also known as sheet rock, wall board, or plaster board, is the replacement for plaster construction. If your home needs wall or ceiling repair, drywall is what you need. Plaster construction can easily be repaired using drywall as a patch. After sanding and smoothing the spot, there won't be any noticeable difference between the drywall patch and the plaster wall. If you paper or paint the wall later, the texture and finish will be identical. If the area you need to repair is stippled, you can still patch with drywall and then plaster over it. Remember there are different types of drywall which should be used in specific situations. When making repairs, be sure to use to correct type. Fire rated drywall should be used where the risk of fire is great, such as around heaters. Water proof drywall should be used in bathrooms and kitchens or where there is high humidity. Drywall dries faster than plaster, this makes repairs quick and easy. Most repairs can be made by a professional drywall contractor in a few days. Call a local professional to make repairs to your ceiling or walls. Drywall is the choice of most professional contractors and is ideal for your home repairs.

Drywall Installation

Drywall is fairly easy to install, but for a perfect finish it may be best to call in a professional contractor. Drywall comes in sheets usually four feet by eight feet. The sheets are awkward and heavy and it is recommended that two people carry and install the sheets to studs or rafters. Special drywall and heavy nails or screws are used to hang the sheets. Putting the sheets up is fairly easy, but the taping and plastering that follows is not so easy. Drywall compound and tape is used to seal openings between sheets. It is very important that the areas between sheets is smooth when sanded. Any imperfections will show after painting. In most cases it is better to leave this type of work to the professionals. If you do decide to do it yourself, install ceiling panels first and then put up the bottom wall panels and finish with the top wall panels. A keyhole saw can be used to cut holes around electrical sockets. Be sure to wear a dust mask when sanding. Keep small children off the site and away from the contractors until the project is completed.

Selecting a Contractor

Not everyone can handle household projects with the skill and confidence of some "do it yourselfers." If you don't have the expertise needed for a drywall job, hire a professional contractor. When selecting a contractor it is best to start with those recommended by the Better Business Bureau. A local contractor is better in case there is any follow-up work to be done, you know where to get them. It's best to get a few estimates before choosing a contractor for comparison. Once you choose a contractor, ask to see their work and be sure they are using the correct type of drywall for your job. Selection of a contractor is most important for completing a job to your satisfaction. Take the necessary time to get the right contractor for the job. After all, your walls and ceilings depend on it.

Plumbing

How to Choose a Plumber

First and foremost, never deal with any plumbing contractor that is not licensed. Most states require a plumber license to do business. Also, you can ask a friend, neighbor or associate for a recommendation, but be sure the plumber they recommend is properly licensed. Choose a plumber that has been in business for at least a few years. Choose one that has a business office, a regular staff, and radio dispatch service vehicles. Be sure to ask whether the contractor carries adequate Workers' Compensation, Property Damage and Personal Liability insurance to keep you from being sued for injuries to neighbors, visitors or the contractor's employees.

Kitchen and Bathroom Remodeling

Creating a new kitchen or bathroom can be less formidable than it seemed at first. The trick is to cut the job down. It may call for no more than the removal and replacement of old fixtures. Kitchens and bathrooms require relatively swift transitions to minimize the loss of their important functions. Have everything you need on hand before you begin. Save time and effort by working in an area as uncluttered as possible. Remove furniture, appliances, fixtures, cabinets and carpeting, wherever practical. Place doormats at all entrances and hang sheets in open passageways to keep dust and debris out of the rest of the house. A choice of materials depend partly on economics and partly of aesthetics, but one should also consider durability, comfort and safety.

Toilet Repair

Repairs and adjustments to toilets are usually minor and within the capabilities of an experienced home plumber. Leaks and noises are the most frequent problems with tank toilets. An intermittent gurgle of water from tank to bowl indicates a faulty outlet valve. A wind or whistle with continuous run of water is a sign that the ball cock, the device that stops and starts the cycle needs attention. If this is the case, shut off the water to the tank and remove the lid. Flush the toilet and watch the ball drop as the water level drops along with it. Reposition the arm and the lower lift arm so that the tank ball will be centered directly over the outlet valve. Straighten both of the lift wires if necessary.

Copper Versus Plastic Pipes

Copper pipe and tube is the preferred material for use in water supply systems. It will not corrode and is lighter than galvanized steel. Best of all, it can be joined with compressed fittings, flayer fittings or by soldering. Its drawbacks are that as a soft metal, it must be supported every three feet and since it is 99.9 percent, copper is expensive. Plastic, on the other hand, is less expensive and easier to assemble. Plastic pipes are sold in several versions and its transition fittings make it easy to start and run a plastic pipe from existing pipe of a common material. Plastic pipes are lightweight, easy to cut and extremely durable. The one exception that might preclude using plastic piping is when the existing water supply system is made of copper, in which case, you will have to sweat solder some of the joints together rather than clue them as you do with plastic.

Gas Leaks

Probably the most frequent of gas burners occurs in the main gas valve. The valve has a plunger in it that can accumulate so much residue that it sticks. The pressure regulator controlling the incoming gas can also become stuck. Only qualified service personnel should clean or repair the main valve or the pressure regulator. To change the valve yourself, the gas supply has to be shut off and the proper seal must be made around the valve to render the connection safe. Gas leaks can also develop between the meter and the house. A pressure test can be done to determine if a yard leak needs to be replaced.

Sewer and Drain Cleaning

If pipes do freeze, the first time may be a faucet that refuses to yield water. Ice may form throughout a long straight section of supply line before it meets an obstruction and cracks the pipe. When you prepare to thaw a section of pipe, keep the effected faucet open to let vapor and melting ice run out. Then turn off the water supply once you've located the leak and mark them for repair. After temporary patches have been applied to the damaged areas, open the main shutoff part way. The movement of water through the frozen section of pipe will aid the thawing process. The damaged section of pipe will usually need to be replaced with new pipe.

Venting Your Plumbing System

To protect your water system from breaking the water seal in the fixture traps, you must vent your system. Lack of air in the vent pipe can cause the water in the pipe to give added pressure which could crack the trap seal. Every house should have at least one main vent to allow gases to escape to the outside. Before you add a fixture branch in your home, you should probably check the code requirements because it varies. You may have to add an additional vent rather than just a line to an existing vent. Venting systems must be properly installed to work.

Plumbing Emergencies

Ruptured pipes, a flooded basement, or a backed up septic system all demand prompt attention by a professional plumbing contractor. Most building code requirements state that a plumber must do the installation so don't try it yourself. Water can be a very destructive force if it's out of control. One thing you can do in an emergency, if the water is running is to shut it off. Just be careful it's not near a power source, because that can kill you.

Tough Plumbing Job

Remodeling your bathroom, changing existing fixtures, or renovating your plumbing system are all jobs requiring the help of a professional. Trying it yourself will require a thorough knowledge in all materials associated with plumbing. You need to know which fittings are for your system and you'll probably need special tools to work on certain pipes. If you hire a professional, licensed plumber, they can do all this properly and up to code requirements the first time around. Your home's system consists of four parts; the building sewer, the drain waste vent system, the water supply system, and the fixtures. Each part has its own rules, tools, and techniques.

Selecting a Plumber

Hiring a plumbing contractor is not very different from hiring any other type of professional contractor. Here are some helpful hints to keep in mind when selecting a plumber. Be sure your plumber has a state or local license, but remember having a license is not a guarantee for proper work or business practices. State license requirements vary, some are firm, while others lax. Be sure the contractor is properly insured so you are protected in the event of a lawsuit. It's always a good idea to check references. Ask the references if the contractor finished on time, and did he correct any mistakes that were made?

Heating and Air Conditioning

Saving Money on Air Conditioning

Air conditioners keep us cool, but we don't have to spend a lot of money to be comfortable. Here are several ways you can keep you system running efficiently. First, have a trained professional check your system once a year, especially if you have central air. The professional will inspect, adjust, and clean your unit to keep it running efficiently. If you have central air, be sure the area around the main unit is free from dirt and fallen leaves. Also, be sure to remove any new grass, or plant that may have sprouted in the area. Although air conditioners are meant to be left on for a long period of time, by using the thermostat wisely, you can save on unnecessary use. While you're at work during the day, set the temperature higher, and then lower it when you get home. When buying a unit, ask a specialist what kind of unit your home needs. Getting the proper unit for your home will add to the unit's overall efficiency.

Caring For Your Air Conditioner

In order to keep your air conditioner running efficiently, it must be maintained regularly. Neglected units might break down right when you need them the most. Central air units must have the right amount of refrigeration in order to cool properly. Air filters should be cleaned regularly. Dirty filters lead to many air conditioner problems. For window units, filters should be changed, and the inside should be inspected, dusted, and lubricated. Fins should be vacuumed carefully, with a soft brush, Have any leaks repaired. Grills on the front of the unit should be dusted with a soft cloth. Once all of this has been done, your air conditioner should be ready for use. Regular maintenance of your air conditioner will not only make it run better, but will prolong its life.

Air Conditioning Maintenance and Repair

In most areas of our country, air conditioning is considered a necessity. To keep your system operating efficiently, follow these maintenance rules. To begin with, a professional should inspect your unit regularly, or at the start of each season. A trained repairman will check the ducts for leaks or moisture, clean the coils, flush the condensation pans with disinfectant, clean the air intakes, and correct the calibration on the control system. You should replace your air filter on your unit monthly. Don't run your air conditioner when the air outside is cool. Don't allow too much outside air into your system when it is on. Be careful not to overuse the unit beyond its capacity. Your surroundings will be very comfortable with these few simple maintenance rules. At the first sign your system is not working properly, call a professional. Early repair can keep major problems from forming.

New Innovations in Air Conditioning

As with most things, air conditioners have had some major changes. Due to high electric and gas charges, air conditioners have become more energy efficient. Changes have been made in minimizing the usage of the unit and the design to make the unit run more efficiently. Minimizing the use of the unit is controllable by the owner if the thermostat is set higher when not needed. Thermostats are on newer units and some come with a timer so you can increase the setting while you are at work, and lower when you arrive home. New technology and design of air conditioners has been centered around running efficiently. In most cases, the motor at the center of the air conditioner has been changed from a piston based energizer to a moving scroll system. The results of this change are that your bills will be lower, and your unit will last longer.

Heating Systems

If you are considering buying a new heating system, take time to consider your options. Your local utility rate might influence your decision toward one type of furnace fuel over another. Installation is another important factor to consider. If you already have natural gas, it might be too costly to change. You must consider if it is worth while to put in a high efficiency heating system that will save money in the long run. There are some alternate roots you can explore. For example, solar energy, heat pumps, or even intensive energy conservation methods. Consult your local utility company and a heating contractor to come to the house so they can give an accurate estimate. Quotes should always be in writing and should give details on the equipment to be used and work necessary. Be sure that the contractor understands your home's heating needs. Insulation or a room addition will change your current needs. Ask if there are any warranties or guarantees included.

Seasonal Chores for Heating and Air Conditioning

Central air units should be completely inspected by your heating and air conditioning contractor every spring before it's turned on. The unit should be vacuumed, lubricated, switches and coolant levels checked, replace the filters, and make sure the system is operating properly. This inexpensive annual maintenance can prevent costly repairs from popping up later when you are using the system. The filters should be cleaned or changed every month during the season, but don't forget to shut off the power before you start. Keep the grill free from leaves and debris. In the fall, call your local professional to give you a furnace check-up. As with you cooling system, this will prevent expensive breakdowns during the season. Maintenance procedures are different for oils and gas burners, but your professional will know what to do. This annual check-up will also examine the heating circulation system, whether its based on hot water, forced air, or steam. Follow your professional's advice for care during the season.

Choosing a Furnace

If you need a new furnace, there are several items you must consider before making your purchase. The furnace itself, only drives your heating system. Correct installation and maintenance are crucial to the satisfaction and operation of your heating system. Before you purchase a system, it is a good idea to have two or more dealers come to your home and evaluate the situation and give you an estimate. The estimate must be in writing and be sure it includes the details for the installation work needed. This way you can compare estimates carefully. A dealer should not base the estimate on the old furnace you are replacing. The old furnace might not meet your home's current needs for heating. For example, if you have weatherized or insulated since the last system was installed, you may not have the same heating requirements. You can also hire an energy specialist who will tell you what size furnace you need, before you see a dealer.

A Broken Furnace

If your furnace is not working, you probably need a professional contractor to advise you on the problem. There are a few items you should check before you call in the professional. Check the setting on your thermostat. Move the temperature higher and see if the furnace comes back on. Of you have a timer on your furnace, make sure it is set correctly. Also, check the batteries on your thermostat and replace them if necessary. Your furnace may have an electrical switch which supplies its power. This can be found in the room where the furnace is located and resembles a normal light switch. Check and be sure it was not turned off accidentally. If you have an oil burner, be sure there is oil in the tank or if you have a gas furnace, make sure the pilot light has not gone out. Of these suggestions don't solve your problem, then you should call in a professional. If you're not sure what to do, or if you feel the situation is unsafe, call a professional.

Types of Filters Available for Air Conditioning

Heating and cooling systems can require any one of a number of different types of filters. The most common type is an inexpensive one-inch filter which slides into the heating system. This filter will only keep out large pieces of debris and should be replaced regularly. An electrostatic filter is more durable. It consists of a large carbon filter on one side and a plastic or polyester material on the other and another filtering system on the other side. As dirt passes through the first two layers, an electrostatic charge occurs, which forces dirt to collect on the other side. This type of filter comes with a lifetime guarantee, but should be cleaned once a month. Another type of filter which requires duct work is a mechanical four-inch pleated filter. It consists of a sponge like material which catches dirt and should be changed every nine to twelve months. The most effective filter is an electronic filter which has electrical power going directly to the filter. The dust particles cannot go back into your heating or cooling system because they become electrically charged. Electronic filters are the most effective filters for highly sensitive people.

Features to Consider Before Buying an Air Cleaning System

When purchasing an air cleaning system you should first consider cost, productivity, ease of installation, and upkeep. The one-inch throw away filter is the cheapest, but it only filters out large debris. They are easy to install, but must be changed often. Electrostatic filters are sensibly priced, and usually comes with a lifetime guarantee. They will remove very tiny particles, are installed in the same way as the one-inch throw away filters are, and must be flushed with water once a month. The four-inch pleated filter will also filter out small particles and is sensibly priced. You will however, need a professional to make adjustments to duct work for installation, and you must replace them every nine to twelve months. Electronic air cleaning filters require a professional to modify duct work and install electrical wiring in your system. While it is more expensive, it's highly effective for people with high sensitivity or allergies. To select the right filter for your needs, ask a dealer.

Selecting an Air Cleaning System

When selecting an air cleaning dealer, be sure to find someone who handles the system you need. If you're not sure what you want, discuss your situation with several dealers before making a decision. Dealers can specialize in certain systems or do primarily residential work over commercial. Be sure the dealer you choose has experience with your system and ask about any guarantees offered. For systems which install into your duct system, find out about maintenance service available. This is important in keeping your system working. Finally, your dealer's reputation and years in business should also be considered. For more information, consult your local dealer.

Gas Heat Results in Fewer Home Fires

According to statistics from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) on the causes of house fires, gas heat is responsible for fewer than electric or liquid-fueled equipment. Homes with gas-fueled central heating units have proportionately fewer fires attributed to those devices than homes heated with electricity, or liquid-fueled equipment. Homes with gas central heating had an average of 1.06 fires per 10,000 households in 1985-1990, compared with 3.68 for liquid-fueled systems, and 4.35 for electric systems. Although propane heats more than 5.2 million homes or 5.7% of all homes, it was the material first ignited in an average of only 2600 propane related home fires, which is less than one half of one percent of all home fires. The propane-related fires resulted in an average of 34 deaths, 288 injuries, and $38 million in property damage per year. Among the major causes of all home structure fires from 1989 to 1993 were cooking equipment, heating equipment, incendiary or suspicious causes, other motorized equipment including table saws, pumps, etc., electric wiring, appliances, tools, or air conditioning, smoking, children playing, and open flames such as candles or matches.

Gas Appliances and Other Equipment

Natural gas is an environmentally friendly, inexpensive fuel to use for all types of appliances and equipment in your home, business and industry. If your local gas utility does not serve your area yet, talk to them about it. In the meantime, bottled propane can be used to operate the same equipment with simple adjustments in how much gas flows to the appliance. It's a proven fact that gas heat makes a house feel warmer compared to electric heating. Did you know you can also have gas air conditioning? In most areas gas water heating is less than 2/3's the cost of electric water heating. Besides costing less to wash your clothes, it costs less to dry a load of laundry in a gas dryer. Most cooks in a household prefer to cook with gas stoves. Not surprisingly, so do chefs in restaurants and institutions. Are you planning on throwing some meat on the grill tonight? In most cases it's a gas grill; forget the hassle of charcoal! How about taking a break after dinner and sitting in front of a cozy gas fireplace? No fuss. No mess. Just let the gas flow and light your fire -- even by remote control. I bet you'll really be surprised to know that cars, vans, trucks and buses have been using natural gas for years as a fuel instead of gasoline or diesel. You can hold a white glove up to the exhaust pipe of a city bus running on natural gas and it will come away clean. That's incredible.

Electrical

When Do I Need an Electrician

If fuses blow or circuit breakers trip in your home; if lights flicker when appliances are turned on; if appliances do not operate on full power; if your TV image shrinks when you turn on appliances; or if fuses blow, or if circuit breakers trip inside your appliances and electronic devices; you may have a wiring problem in your home. If you have never worked with electricity before, of if you have knowledge, but do not feel comfortable working with electricity in your home, the think you want to do when having a wiring or other electrical problem, is to call a licensed electrician. If you are familiar with working with electricity, and know some of the basics of home wiring, you should find out about local electrical code from your City Building Inspectors Office. Some cities do not permit you to do your own residential wiring. Other communities will let you install new circuits up to the service entrance panel, but require that you have a licensed electrician do the final hookup. If it is legal for you to do the wiring yourself, you can save money by having an electrician do the final hookup. In any case, make sure that the work you are doing confirms to local fire safety and building ordinances. Also be sure to check with your utility company to be certain that the lines leading into your home have the capacity to deliver any extra power your new circuits will require.

Rewiring and Repairing

Working with electricity is easy and safe if you work logically and follow the safety precautions. Before beginning any electrical repair, turn off power to the circuit breaker at the house's main service panel. Then use a voltage tester to confirm that the power is off. Before deciding whether you should attempt a repair, be guided by your own confidence and the tools an time available to you. For more complex or time-consuming repairs, you may wish to call for professional service. You still will have saved time and money by diagnosing the problem yourself.

Fuse Box, Circuit Breaker Checklist

Labels on service panels are often incorrect or out of date. Before performing any work on your home's electrical system, it is important to locate and correctly label the branch circuits served by the service panel. Clearly number each fuse or circuit breaker. To identify the devices on the circuit, find the switches, outlets and fixtures that are no longer receiving power. Work only in dry conditions. Use one hand and do not touch any metal parts with the other hand. If the problem is not a short-circuit, or an overload, have an electrician inspect the panel. 0004 Electric Heat When an electric furnace fails to operate, there are only three things you can do before calling a serviceperson. first, be sure the furnace is receiving adequate power. Check the fuse box to make sure the circuit breakers or fuses are not blown. Second, turn off the main power at the breaker and open the furnace. Each of the heating elements have its own fuse or circuit breaker. Make sure none of them have blown or tripped off. Third, check the thermostat to be sure it is functioning. If these measures don't expose the problem, it is better to consult a professional electrician.

Ceiling Fans

Ceiling fans produce a cool breeze in the summer and circulate trapped warm air in the winter. To start a stalled fan, make sure the power is off, then slowly rotate the fan blades a few turns. Turn on the power and gradually turn the switch to test. Wobble or excessive vibration can result from worn pins that connect the shaft to the motor assembly. Replace these pins if they are faulty. If you suspect the motor has failed, take down the fan and test it. In most cases, the motor of the ceiling fan is a sealed unit and must be professionally serviced.

Attic Fans

Attic fans are really large exhaust fans and consequently have a power capacitor start motor. The fan is often installed behind an attic vent, apart from the motor and driven by a pulley belt arrangement. Any time a fan does not work, first check its cord and plug, inspect the cord for breaks or cracks, particularly near the plug. Also check the contacts where the cord is connected to the motor and switch, to be sure they are clean and tight.

Selecting an Electrician

It's important to find a good electrician when building or remodeling your home. Here are some important tips in selecting an electrician. Be sure the contractor is licensed and find out if they are licensed by city, county, or state. Different cities and states have specific code requirements which must be followed. Next, find out the type of work they do. Do they do new construction and remodeling, or are they a repair service only. Make sure there is a master licensed electrician with the company, because this is required to hold a license. Check some recent references. For repair work, find out the hourly charge. For remodeling or building a house, get a bid on the entire project. For more information on this subject, consult an electrical contractor.